1. Networking Hardware
* Cables
* Ethernet Card
* Hub & Switch
* Repeater
* Bridge
* Router
Prepared by: YUDO TAMTOMO, S. OMC SMAN 16
2. Cable
* There are several types of cable being used and have become standard in its use for data communication in computer networks.
* Any type of cable has different capabilities and specifications.
* There are three types of cable in general is often used, namely:
o Coaxial
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o Fiber Optic
3. Coaxial
* Thick Coaxial
o The average diameter of 12 mm
o The standard is called Ethernet / Ethernet thick / yellow cable
* Thin Coaxial
o The average diameter of 5 mm black
o Many used among radio amateurs, especially for transceiver that do not require a large power output.
o Every device connected to the BNC (Bayonet-Neill-aConcelmn) T Connector.
o It is called Thin Ethernet / Thin Net.
4. Thick Coaxial
* The specifications of the network:
* Each end must be terminated with a terminator 50 Ohm 1 watt.
* Maximum of three segments with the connected equipment or be populated segments.
* Every network card has an additional transmitter.
* Each segment contains a maximum of 100 network devices, including repeaters.
* Max cable length per segment is 1640 feet (± 500 meters)
* Max distance between segment is 4920 feet (± 1500 feet)
* Each segment must be grounded.
* Max distance between taps or branching from the main cable to the device is 16 feet (± 5 meters)
* Min Distance between taps is 8 feet (± 2.5 meters)
5. Thin Coaxial
* Every tip given 50 Ohm terminator.
* Maximum of three segments connected to each other (populated segments).
* Card transceiver network using the onboard enough, no need additional transceiver, except for the repeater.
* Each segment contains a maximum of 30 network devices.
* Max cable length is 606.8 feet (± 185 meters)
* Max cable length between the segment is 1818 feet (± 555 meters)
* Each segment must be grounded.
* Length between T min Connection is 1.5 feet (± 0.5 meters)
6. Twisted Pair Cable
* UTP (unshielded Twisted Pair)
* STP (shielded Twisted Pair)
* It consists of four twisted pairs of wires
* Of the eight pieces of existing cable, only four pieces are used to send and receive data.
* The other device relating to the use of this type of cable is a RJ-45 connector and hub / switch.
7. Twisted Pair Cable
* There are two types of UTP cabling that is commonly used, plus a special installation types for Cisco routers, namely:
o Straight Through Cable
o Cross Over Cable
o Roll Over Cable
8. Straight Through Cable
* Used to connect multiple computers through intermediaries HUB / Switch, which serves as consecrator or repeater.
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9. Straight Through Cable
* The use of Straight Through UTP cable model in the local network typically will form a star or tree topology with the hub / switch as its center.
* Use of Hub / Switch should be in accordance with the speed of the NIC. Because the difference in speed on the NIC & Hub / Switch means both devices can not communicate optimally.
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10. Cross Over Cable
* Different from Straight through, use a cross cable is used to communicate between computers (without HUB), or can also be used to cascade HUB if necessary.
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12. Roll Over Cable
* Used to connect a terminal and a modem to a Cisco Router 2500 Series Access Server
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13. Fiber Optic Cable
* Cables which have a core of glass fiber as a channel to distribute the signal between terminals BACKBONE often used as a channel for high reliability compared with coaxial cable or UTP cable. This cable is not affected by weather and heat.
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14. Ethernet Card
* Ethernet Card working mode based on the broadcast network, where each node in the network receives each transmission of data sent by a node to another.
* Each Ethernet has over 48-bit address which is known as the Ethernet address (MAC Address).
* Address has been put into each set of network cards (NIC) that are recognized as the Media Access Control (MAC) or better known by the term hardware address. 24 bits or 3 bytes of the beginning of a code defined by the IEEE.
15. Ethernet Card
* NIC model have been generally 10Base port provides connections for coaxial cable or UTP cable.
* If it is designed for coaxial cable connectors are BNC.
* If it is designed for UTP cable is a RJ-45 connectors.
16. Hub & Switch
* Hub & Switch is usually called a concentrator.
* A concentrator is a device that unites the network cables from each workstation and server or other device.
* In a star topology, the UTP cable from a workstation into a hub or switch.
* Using the RJ-45 connectors
* Some type of hubs can be fitted multilevel (stackable) to four flats, and usually has a hole as much as 4, 8, 16 and 24 pcs.
* Switch is a concentrator that has the ability Traffic management data better than the Hub.
* Type of Switch manageable, besides can manage data traffic can also be given an IP address.
17. Repeater
* Main function is to amplify the signal by receiving signals from a wired LAN segment and then radiate back with the same power with the original signal at the other cable segments.
* In this way the distance the cable can be diperjauh.
18. Bridge
* Functions same as the repeater, but more flexible and more intelligent than the repeater.
* Bridge can connect networks using different transmission methods.
* Part of Bridge could separate from the Traffic because it implements the frame filtering mechanism.
* This mechanism is generally as store and forward.
* Bridge can be used to connect networks that use different types of cable or different topologies.
* Bridge can know the address of each computer on each side of the network.
19. Router
* Router can transmit data / information from one network to another different network.
Router * almost the same as the bridge, but not as smart, flexible bridge.
* Router will find the best path for sending a message based on the destination address and source address.
* Routers know addresses of each computer on the local network environment, address other bridges and routers.
* Router can know the whole network to see which side of the busiest and can pull data from a busy side to side is clean.
20. Router
* Able to translate information from the LAN and the Internet.
* Find the best alternative route for sending data through the Internet.
* Set the signal path can be efficiently manage data flowing between the two protocols.
* Able to manage data flow between the network topology of linear bus and star.
* Able to manage the flow of data through fiber optic cable, coaxial cable and UTP cable
Networking Hardware - Presentation Transcript
Software
Another name of the software is Also Called the software. Like other names, the type of software, its no Different with the hardware or hardware, if hardware is tangible components That Can be seen and untouched by Humans, then the software or the software Can not be physically touched and seen, the software does not Appear physical and intangible objects but We Can operate it.
Understanding of computer software is a collection of electronic data stored and managed by computers, electronic data can be stored by the computer programs or instructions that will from the run a command. through software or software is a computer can run a command
software or computer software distribution based on the Trust is divided into types, namely a paid software, free software or free (freeware, free software, shareware, adware). For more details please read the definition more detail about China Trust types of software.
Paid software is software distributed that is for commercial purposes, any users WHO wish to use or obtain the software by purchasing or paying on the party WHO distribute it. WHO users use a paid software is Generally not permitted to redistribute the software freely there without the publisher's permission. example of Standard and Poor Is the system software, paid, Microsoft windows, Microsoft office, adobe photo shop, and others.
Free software or freeware is copyrighted computer software Which is free without time limits, is Different from shareware, Which requires users to pay (eg after Some trial period or for additional functionality). The free software developers often make a free tool freeware "to be donated to the community", but still wanted to retain Also on their rights as a developer and have control of further development. Also freeware is defined as any course that is distributed free, without additional cost. A prime example is the suite of browser and mail client and Mozilla News, Also distributed under GPL (Free Software).
Free Software leads to more free usage but not necessarily free. In fact, his name is because it is free to try out open source software (Open Source) and therein lies the essence of freedom: the programs under the GPL license, once obtained can be used, copied, modified and distributed freely. So free software for free does not lead to the purchase but the use and distribution. Once out of the license we can
Significant difference, Between the Free Software and Freeware. Conflicts Arise in the sense of the word free in Indonesian Language, Which means both free and for free. Therefore, and as mentioned Earlier, the Free Software does not need to be free, just as Freeware not be free.
Also Shareware is free but limited to a specific time. Shareware is a limited program is distributed both as a demonstration or evaluation version with limited features or functions or by using a set time limit (eg 30 days). Thus, giving users the opportunity to test the product before buying and then buy the full version of the program. A striking example of this type are antivirus software, These companies usually allow the release of the product evaluation applies only to a certain number of days. After passing the maximum, the program will from stop working and you need to buy a product if you want to keep using it.
We Can Also find free software entirely, but Included in the advertising programs, distribution of this type is Called Adware. A clear example is the Messenger program from Microsoft that allows you to use free software in exchange for entry by way of banner ads or pop-ups.
